Wednesday, April 9, 2014

Six Great Vocab Games

Here’s six online vocabulary games I’ve been using with my classes recently:
teflgeek word games
Test Your Vocab:  Not – strictly speaking – a game, this website seeks to measure the number of words you know and then tells you the size of your vocabulary.  If the learners are honest and don’t cheat, this could be a useful tool in helping them measure their progress, though presumably the more often they do it, the more familiar they’ll become with the test words.  And of course they could go off and research the test word corpus….  Play the game here: http://testyourvocab.com/ - and thanks to Dave C for the spot!
Free Rice:  matching words to definitions is the name of the game, but with Free Rice, every correct answer donates ten grains of rice to the World Food Program.  This one has been around for a while but is really good for broadening vocabulary out a bit as it’s based around matching synonyms.  Play the game here: http://freerice.com/ – and I think Neil told me about this, but it was a long time ago…
Root Words is an affixation based set of games that is great for First, Advanced and Proficiency students.  Either split the prefix or suffix from the rest of the word, or match them to their meanings (e.g. pre = before).  The use of terminology is a bit confusing (I understand something different by the term “root word”) and it seems aimed at native speakers, so do check the game out yourself before asking your classes to play!  The website has a lot of other vocabulary based games available, but I’ve not experiemented with any of the others yet.  Play the game here: http://www.vocabulary.co.il/root-words/
Knoword gives you the definition and asks you to type in the target word.  A really nice spin on the traditional meaning matching task – answer as many as you can before the time runs out!  Can be quite challenging – probably intermediate levels and above?  Play the game here: http://www.knoword.org/ - and thanks to Jenny for demonstrating it in her recent seminar!
Whack Attack lets you choose between English, Science or Maths options (good for the CLIL crowd!), you then choose from multiple choice questions be whacking the correctly coloured characters parading across the screen.  The English questions are mostly about the language (e.g. choose between metaphor, simile or idiom) and aimed at UK students rather than being about vocabulary per se.  Try it and see: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/games/whack/.  Thanks to Larry Ferlazzo for this one.
Only Connect is part vocabulary game, part general knowledge and part sheer torment that is based on a BBC gameshow.  I can just about manage one “wall” in every ten.  You get presented with sixteen words and you have to put them into the correct four categories.  There’s a screenshot below so you can see what I mean.  I think it depends on the individual, some of my students loved it and kept at it even though it was stupidly difficult – others got bored quite rapidly.  What I think would work quite well is that after the students have played it online and understand how it works, they can create their own versions using chopped up bits of paper and can then challenge each other.  This would be perfect for work with collocations, phrasal verbs or topic themed vocabulary revision.  You can try and play the original game here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lskhg/features/quiz.  And thanks again to Larry Ferlazzo.

How to use the present perfect tenses correctly

Mind Map by Gordana Popovic
Mind Map by Gordana Popovic
PRESENT PERFECT
Structure
The present perfect is formed with the present simple of the auxiliary verb “have” and the past participle.
Positive Sentence:  
  • I/you/we/they have (‘ve) gone
  • He/she/it has (‘s) gone
Negative Sentence:
  • I/you/we/they have not (haven’t) gone
  • He/she/it has not (hasn’t) gone
Questions and short answers:
  • Have they gone? Yes, they have.
  • Has he gone? No, he hasn’t

Uses
In general we use the tense to talk about a present situation which is connected to the past.
A present situation that started in the past
I’ve lived in the UK for 25 years”.
A series of actions that have happened in your life up to now
I’ve been to Milan many times”
A result in the present of a past event
“I think I’ve prepared this report properly. I hope I don’t have to redo it”. (in this situation the current importance of the past event is important, not when it happened)

Time Expressions used with the present perfect

Ever and Never
We use ever and never to ask and talk about our general life experience.
“Have you ever visited the Maldives?”
“I have never used this software before.” (If the answer to the question is Yes we continue to give more information about specific events using the past simple.)
Already and YetWe use “already” in positive sentences and refers to something that has been done ahead of time
“He has already finished his homework” (he has finished it quicker than expected)
Yet is used in negative sentences and questions and suggests that something hasn’t happened or finished but will do.
“I haven’t finished the report yet. (I am late but it will be finished)
“Have you seen that film yet?” 
Haven’t you finished the houseworkyet?” (this negative question is often used when the person asking is annoyed or frustrated with the other person)
JustWe use “just” to describe something that happened a short time ago.
“He has just gone out to the shops. He won’t be long”.
For and sinceWe use the two expressions to refer to periods of time. Note the difference.” How long have you worked for Shell? 
“I have worked for Shell for 15 years” (length of time)
“I have worked for Shell since 1999.” (Start of the period)
Unfinished time
We use the present perfect for unfinished time and so we often use time expressions that include the present like the following:
this morning, today, this month, so far, up to now, recently, until now, recently, lately, over the last few years and so on
“I have been to the shops this morning
So far we have raised £2m for our charity”.
“I have been ver patient with them up to now“.
“I have had some good enquiries recently“.

PAST SIMPLE or PRESENT PERFECT?
Remember that the past simple describes actions in the past that are finished whilst the present perfect is used when the time period includes the present.
“I lived in Milan many years ago”
(completed. I live in London now)
I’ve lived in Milan since 2008″
(a situation that started in the past and continues in the present: I still live in Milan)

Mind Map by Engames www. engames.eu
Mind Map by Engames
www. engames.eu
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Structure
Present Perfect of “be” + the -ing form of the verb
Positive and Negative:
“I’ve been (I haven’t been) 
waiting here for more than an hour”
“She’s been (she hasn’t been) 
working here for many years”.
Questions:Have you been waiting long?
How long have you been working for your company?
Uses
An action or situation in progress from the past up to the present
“Production at this site has been increasing steadily in the last 5 years”
Emphasises the length of time of the actionI’ve been working on this post all morning”.
Repeated actions
” I’ve been calling her all morning but she’s not answering her phone”
The action may be finished or continuing, we only know from the context
“You’re late! I’ve been waiting for you for over an hour”. (the waiting is over)
I’ve been waiting for over an hour,. Where is she?” (I’m still waiting)
The typical time expressions we use with this tense include:
all day, for months, for ages, recently, over the last few months/years, for and since.

PRESENT PERFECT or PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS?
Sometimes there is no difference in meaning between these two tenses.
” I’ve worked/I’ve been working here for two years”.
The choice of tense often depends on where our focus is.
Focus on result = present perfect tense
” I’ve written the report. Here it is”. (result)
Focus on the action in progress and effort = present perfect continuous tense
I’ve been writing this report all morning. I’m exhausted.” (note my effort)
If we give details on how much or how many we don’t use the continuos form.
I’ve written four reports this week”.
I’ve done a lot of consultancy work for the company in the last year”.

Saturday, January 11, 2014

Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses are quite easy to understand and use. The name of the grammar sounds horrible but in fact you just need to know when you should use the words “which”, “that”, “who” and “whose”.
In this post on defining relative clauses you can find a mind map and three games to practise the grammar point.


Defining relative clauses












Now that you understand the theory it is time to try it out in the real world. You can find here three games to practise defining relative clauses. First is called “Penalty”. Your task is to choose the correct option and then to score a goal.
The second game is slightly more difficult. It is called En garde and you have to be careful because most of the time you have to choose the option which is NOT correct. However, there are one or two items where you should choose the correct one. So pay attention.
The last exercise might not seem like a game at all. It looks more like a test. You have to fill in the missing words. However, if you manage to get more than 80% of your answers correctly you will get to a page where you can play a game called “Angry finches” as a reward. So give it a try.